Anaxyrus exsul
(Myers, 1942)
an-ax-ehr-us — EX-sul
SSAR 9th Edition Comments:
See comments under A. boreas. This taxon is nested in the A. boreas group and the entire group is in need of a comprehensive revision to determine species boundaries. Key studies, e.g., Goebel et al. (2009, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 50: 209–225), Gordon et al. (2017, Zootaxa 4290: 123–139) indicate that the taxon may be nested within A. boreas sensu lato.
Range maps are based on curated specimens and provided gratis by CNAH.
(Created by Travis W. Taggart; Version: 2023.09.10.09.45.50)
Download GeoJSON polygon range file: - 0.01 MB
Etymology:
The scientific name Anaxyrus exsul combines a classical Greek-rooted genus with a Latin species epithet describing status or condition:
Anaxyrus —
From Greek:
ἀνάξ (anax) = “lord” or “king”. Anaxyrus means “noble toad” or “lordly toad,” reflecting prominence among North American toads.
exsul —
From Latin:
exsul, exsulis = “exile,” “banished one,” or “wanderer”
This term refers to someone who is displaced or lives away from their original home.
First instance(s) of published English names:
Black Toad (Bufo boreas exsul: Schmidt, Karl P. 1953. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6th Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 280pp.); Inyo County Toad (Bufo boreas exsul: Schmidt, Karl P. 1953. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6th Edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 280pp.); Deep Springs Toad (: Ananjeva, N. B., L. J. Borkin, I. S. Darevsky, and N. L. Orlov. 1988. Russky Yazyk Publishers, Moscow. pp.); Black Toad (Anaxyrus exsul: Frost, Darrel R., Roy W. McDiarmid, Joseph R. Mendelson III, and David M. Green. 2012. Anura - Frogs. Pages 11-22 in Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Herpetological Circular No. 39. pp.);
Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles
Amphibian Species of the World
GenBank
USGS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database
Selected References:
|
1942
|
Myers, G. S. The black toad of Deep Springs Valley, Inyo County, California. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (460):1–13
|
|
2004
|
Pauly, Gregory B., David M. Hillis, and David C. Cannatella. The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58:2517-2535
|
|
2005
|
Lannoo, Michael (Editor) Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University fo California Press, Berkeley. 1115pp.
|
|
2008
|
Pauly, Gregory B. Phylogenetic systematics, historical biogeography, and the evolution of vocalizations in Nearctic toads (Bufo). Dissertation. University of Texas, Austin. 165pp.
|
|
2009
|
Goebel, Anna M., Tom A. Ranker, Paul S. Corn, and Richard G. Olmstead. Mitochondrial DNA evolution in the Anaxyrus boreas species group. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50(2):209-225
|
|
2013
|
Dodd, C. Kenneth. Frogs of the United States and Canada. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 982pp.
|
|
2016
|
Peralta-Garcia, Anny, Dean H. Leavitt, Bradford D. Hollingsworth, and Tod W. Reeder. The phylogenetic position of the Little Mexican Toad, Anaxyrus kelloggi, using molecular data. Journal of Herpetology 50(3):471-475
|
|
2017
|
Gordon, Michelle R., Eric T. Simandle, and C. Richard Tracy A diamond in the rough desert shrublands of the Great Basin in the Western United States: A new cryptic toad species (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo (Anaxyrus)) discovered in Northern Nevada. Zootaxa 4290(1):123–139
|
|
2023
|
Dodd, C. Kenneth. Frogs of the United States and Canada. Second Edition. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 1032pp.
|