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Behavior | ||
| Salamander Locomotion: Neuromechanical Simulations | ||
| This research on salamander locomotion was recently featured in a wonderful animation created by Mika Satomi Oztop and Erhan Oztop. http://lslwww.epfl.ch/birg/salamander.shtml | ||
Conservation | ||
| Amphibian Conservation Alliance | ||
| An easy to use menu and search engine for finding online amphibian conservation websites and other resources.
http://www.frogs.org/ | ||
| Amphibian Contaminants & Declines | ||
| The site focuses on five areas: papers directly about contaminants and amphibian population declines, contaminants impacts on amphibian immune systems impacts, contaminant transport to remote locations where declines have occurred, synergistic effects and review papers. Established and maintained by Carlos Davidson. http://bss.sfsu.edu/cdavidson/contaminants.htm | ||
| Amphibian Decline Phenomenon - Salamanders | ||
| Amphibians throughout the world are in trouble. In the last decade, more than 200 species have been documented to be in decline and about 20 species are presumed to have gone extinct. The most alarming thing is that most of these species in trouble have declined or disappeared from habitats that are protected from destruction and are located far from pollution sources. Not all amphibians have declined, but most alarming is that many have declined in our most protected areas including National Parks such as Yosemite and Sequoia and Kings Canyon in California. http://dlp.cs.berkeley.edu/aw/declines/ | ||
| Cryptobranchid Interest Group | ||
| The Cryptobranchid Interest Group is dedicated to the funding and support of research and conservation for hellbenders and giant salamanders. With the help of private donations from people all over the world, we have helped field researchers in their pursuit to better understand the natural history of these amazing giant amphibians. http://www.caudata.org/cig/ | ||
| Declining Amphibian Titles | ||
| A monthly listing of publications on amphibian declines, conservation, etc., maintained by Tim Halliday http://amphibiaweb.org/declines/lit/index.html | ||
| Endangered Tiger Salamanders | ||
| Why are these amphibians endangered??? Farmers use the pond's water for their crops. Grazing cows trample their habitat. Chemicals draining into the water can kill the larvae. Destruction of critical habitat. The use of pesticides. Environment pollution.
http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/7951/slmdr.html | ||
Ecology | ||
| Effects of Prescribed Understory Fire on Two Terrestrial Salamanders | ||
| Graduate Research by Jason Lowe, Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, on the Del Norte Salamander (Plethodon elongatus) and Oregon Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii oregonensis). http://jason.lowe.home.mindspring.com/Home/ | ||
| Salamander Longevity Site | ||
| These pages contain longevity and breeding information from 236 institutions and 425 private collections http://www.pondturtle.com/lsala.html | ||
Faunal lists | ||
| Alberta Amphibians | ||
| Amphibians are older than the dinosaurs. In fact, they were the first group of vertebrates to bravely set out on land some 350 million years ago. All other terrestrial vertebrates ? from dinosaurs to humans ? owe their existence to the amphibians. http://www.srd.gov.ab.ca/fw/amphib/ | ||
| Discover Life - Salamanders | ||
| Discover Life helps you to identify things, share ways to teach and study nature's wonders, use maps, report your findings, and contribute to and learn from the Web's growing encyclopedia of life. The Polistes Foundation and its partners plan to make identification guides, maps, images, and valuable data on a million species freely available to everyone by 2012. So far we have some information on 228,928 species. We invite you to join us in our quest to reduce disease, increase food production, stop destructive species, protect endangered ones, and enjoy rather than struggle with nature. -- John Pickering http://www.discoverlife.org/nh/tx/Vertebrata/Amphibia/Caudata/ | ||
| New England: Mole Salamanders in the Connecticut River Valley | ||
| The Mole Salamanders belong to the family Ambystomatidae, and are represented in the Connecticut River Valley region by four species.
http://www.bio.umass.edu/biology/conn.river/molesals.html | ||
| Tennessee Atlas of Amphibians - Salamanders | ||
| A historical summary of the study of amphibians in Tennessee is provided. The environmental setting of the state is described in terms of physiography, climate, drainages, soils, vegetation, and ecoregions. Distribution maps are provided for 21 species of frogs and 45 species of salamanders. Accompanying each map are short narratives on the species' distribution, ecology, and taxonomy. Questionable and erroneous species reports are also discussed.Prepared by William H. Redmond and A. Floyd Scott.
http://www.apsu.edu/amatlas/index.html | ||
| Texas Salamanders: A Checklist | ||
| A complete and taxonomically up-to-date checklist to the salamanders of Texas; most subspecies, which are biologically uninformative, are not included. This is the best checklist to Texas salamanders available, either in print or online. Prepared by the University of Texas, Austin. http://www.zo.utexas.edu/research/txherps/salamanders/ | ||
General | ||
| Manitoba's Blue-spotted Salamander | ||
| Then came the frantic examination of the net and its contents: wet leaves and mud, at least. But, YES! There it was, shiny black and wriggling! Hoo-hoo! I had one in hand! http://www.naturenorth.com/spring/creature/bluespot/Fblspot.html | ||
Natural History | ||
| Common Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) | ||
| Necturus maculosus can be found typically in the Eastern United
States. They tend to reside under rocks and logs in large rivers and lakes. They have been previously found at depths of up to seventy feet. A typical Common Mudpuppy will be eight to thirteen inches in length and reddish brown colored with black spots. Their heads are large and somewhat flat with large maroonish colored gills on the sides. This species seems to eat whatever it finds, but some common foods would be worms, crayfish, fish eggs, salamanders and insects. Since their vision is poor they must rely on other senses to catch their prey. A male and female N. maculosus will typically mate in the fall, and the female will lay her eggs in late spring. The female will place her eggs at the top of her nest, which is buried under a rock or some other rock like object. She will then stay to protect her eggs until they have hatched into larvae. The exact time at which she leaves them varies from one female to another. It can take up to five years for an N. maculosus to develop into a sexually mature adult, and their sexual life span is about twenty-five years. N. maculosus has three stages of development the egg, the larva, and the adult stage. This species of salamander is fully aquatic and usually nocturnal. They are also solitary except for when they are reproducing.
http://www.earlham.edu/~lanest/mudpuppy.htm | ||
| Eastern Tiger Salamander Fact Sheet | ||
| The Eastern Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) ranges along the east coast from southern New York to northern Florida, west from Ohio to Minnesota and southward through eastern Texas to the Gulf. http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dfwmr/wildlife/endspec/tisafs.html | ||
| Giant Salamanders | ||
| Amphiumidae and Sirenidae are endemic to North America only. Proteidae has a species in Europe, and Cryptobranchidae can also be found in the Far East, such as the Japanese salamander that reaches lengths of 5 feet (1.5 m). http://www.eclectasy.com/underarock/salpage.html | ||
| Hellbender Home Page | ||
| A website dedicated to inform the viewer about the Hellbender. http://www.hellbenders.org | ||
| Marbled Salamander (Ambystoma opacum) | ||
| The UMMZ page. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/ambystoma/a._opacum$media.html | ||
| Salamander Photographs | ||
| CalPhotos is a collection of 62,805 images of plants, animals, fossils, people, and landscapes. A variety of organizations and individuals have contributed photographs to CalPhotos. Please be aware that these various contributors maintain copyright and follow the usage guidelines provided with each image. http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/photos/fauna/com-Amphibian.html | ||
Population genetics | ||
| Axolotl Colony | ||
| Indiana University maintains an axolotl colony and an accompanying website, which provides some information on axolotls, another common study organism in genetics and embryology teaching and research. The colony supplies axolotls to researchers and teachers for a fee. http://www.indiana.edu/~axolotl/ | ||
Researchers | ||
| Ambystomatid Academicians | ||
| A site devoted to research, where biologists working with ambystomatid salamanders can network, share photos and new findings, exchange resources, and develop collaborations. We hope that the site will help bridge gaps between people working in academia and applied fields. http://www.ambystoma.net/Home | ||
Systematics | ||
| Ensatina eschscholtzi: Speciation in Progress? | ||
| A classic example of Darwinian evolution? Ensatina eschscholtzi is a lungless salamander of the family Plethodontidae. The distribution of this species is from British Columbia in Canada, through Washington, Oregon, California and into Baja California of Mexico. Presently, seven subspecies are recognized, and all occur in California. The subspecies are eschscholtzi, xanthoptica, oregonensis, picta, platensis, croceater and klauberi (Stebbins, 1949). There is a considerable variation in color patterns among the subspecies. (CNAH Note: And a lot of scientists think this little complex will be divided into at least two species, if not many more. Stay tuned; much more sophisticated DNA studies will be done on these salamanders in the future.) http://www.santarosa.edu/lifesciences2/ensatina2.htm | ||
Taxonomy | ||
| Texas: Key to Salamanders | ||
| Maintained by Texas Parks and Wildlife, Austin http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/nature/wild/amphibia/txcaudat.htm#View | ||
| Tree of Life: Salamanders | ||
| Salamanders are amphibians of the Order Caudata. This taxon includes the newts, a group of rough-skinned species in the salamander family Salamandridae. Salamanders are distinguished from other amphibians (frogs and caecilians) most obviously by the presence of a tail in all larvae, juveniles and adults, and by having limbs set at right angles to the body with forelimbs and hindlimbs of approximately equal size (except in the family Sirenidae, which lacks hindlimbs). Salamanders are distinguished from frogs and caecilians also by numerous characteristics of their skeleton and musculature. http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree/eukaryotes/animals/chordata/caudata/caudata.html | ||
Teaching | ||
| LivingUnderWorld: A Salamander Resource | ||
| Livingunderworld.org is dedicated to the preservation of salamanders, and attempts to provide the most detailed and accurate information available. This site is updated often to reflect new, and changing amphibian information. http://www.livingunderworld.org/ | ||
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| © 1994-2010, CNAH - Director - Joseph T. Collins | Programmer/Webmaster - Travis W. Taggart |
| Accessed at: 7/30/2010 12:15:08 AM CT. | |